Tjärsanden i Kanada och Venzuela

Det är mycket tjat om Venezuelas oljetillgångar just nu, men det verkar. Det verkar inte som om någon av experterna orkar ta reda på sanningen kring dessa länders reala oljetillgångar. Så jag kopierade in lite AI om energinettot i Kanadas oljesand och Veneuelas asfalt och dess energinetto:

The Energy Return on Investment (EROI) for Canadian tar sands (oil sands) is significantly lower than conventional oil, typically ranging from 3:1 to 8:1 depending on the extraction method. Surface mining generally yields 5:1 to 8:1, while in situ (steam-assisted) methods range from 2.9:1 to 5.4:1. These values indicate a high energy intensity compared to conventional oil's ~25:1 ratio. 

Key EROI Details for Canadian Tar Sands:

• Surface Mining: Generally higher EROI, hovering around 5–8, though some studies suggest lower.
• In Situ (SAGD/CSS): Lower EROI due to intensive steam generation, typically 3.2–5.4.
• Overall Trend: EROI for mining has shown a general upward trend, while in situ has seen improvements due to technology (e.g., lower Steam-Oil Ratios).
• Full Lifecycle: If accounting for total refining, transportation, and environmental costs, some estimates suggest an EROI closer to 1:1.
• Context: While lower than conventional oil, the massive reserves (over 160 billion barrels) make it a major, albeit energy-intensive, resource. 

The EROI is highly dependent on the energy required for producing steam (for in-situ) or mining, refining, and upgrading, as well as the natural gas prices used for these processes.

Och  sedan har vi Venezuela

Venezuela’s heavy oil extraction, primarily from the Orinoco Belt, has a low Energy Return on Investment (EROI) due to the energy-intensive nature of producing, upgrading, and transporting extra-heavy (9.5–12° API) crude. Extraction requires steam injection and massive dilution (3:1 ratio) to move, and it generates higher greenhouse gases, making it among the "dirtiest" and most costly globally. 

Key Details on Venezuela Heavy Oil EROI & Production:

• Extraction Intensity: The Orinoco crude is biodegraded, making it highly viscous, which requires steam injection to heat the reservoir and artificial lift systems to bring it to the surface.
• Diluent Necessity: To make the oil transportable, it must be blended with naphtha or light oil (diluent), which often must be imported, further reducing net energy efficiency.
• Declining Infrastructure: The deterioration of specialized upgraders, which convert extra-heavy oil into lighter, more valuable crude, has severely lowered the EROI, as the crude must be sold at a heavy discount to benchmarks like WTI.
• Production Costs: While technically vast, much of the oil is only economically, not physically, producible when prices are high, with break-even points previously estimated between $42 and $56 per barrel.
• Economic vs. Physical EROI: Due to the high,,, , and necessary, , energy inputs, the EROI is considered significantly lower than conventional, , light-oil, , reserves, , closer to that of Canadian oil sands. 

Production in 2024 averaged 921,000 barrels per day (bbl/d), a steep drop from over 3 million bbl/d, limiting the overall energy yield for the nation.

Det energinetto som möjliggör vår nuvarande, för de flesta, självklara civilisation och så kallade demokrati ligger kring 11:1